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But how can you create a system that has a decentralized ledger How can you give someone the ability to upgrade the ledger without giving them too much powerin case they become corrupt or negligent in their work
Well, Bitcoins rulesalso known as the Bitcoin protocolsolves that in a very creative manner I like to phone Who Wants to Be a Banker
In short, anyone who wants to participate in updating the ledger of Bitcoin transactions, known as the blockchain, can do so. Whatever you need is to suppose a random number that solves an equation generated by the system. Sounds easy, right
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Of course, this guessing is done by your PC. The stronger your computer is, the further guesses you can create in a second, increasing your chances of winning this match. If you manage to guess correctly, you earn bitcoins and have to write the next page of Bitcoin transactions on the blockchain. .
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1. Once your mining computer comes up with the right guess, your mining program determines which of the current pending transactions will be grouped together into the next block of transactions. Compiling this cube represents your moment of glory, as youve now develop into a temporary banker of Bitcoin who has to upgrade the Bitcoin transaction ledger known as the blockchain. .
2. The block youve created, along with your solution, is sent to the whole network so other computers can affirm it. Its somewhat much like a Rubiks cube: The solution is very tough to achieve but very easy to validate.
3. Each computer that validates your solution updates its copy of this Bitcoin transaction ledger with the transactions you opted to include in the block.
4. The machine generates a predetermined amount of bitcoins (currently 12.5) and rewards them as compensation for time and energy you spent solving the math problem.
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5. Additionally, you get paid any transaction fees which were attached to the transactions you inserted into the next block.
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6. All the transactions in the cube youve only entered are now confirmed by the Bitcoin network and are virtually irreversible.
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So thats Bitcoin mining in a nutshell. Its called mining due to the fact that this process helps mine new Bitcoins from the computer system. But if you think about it, the mining part is merely a by-product of this transaction confirmation process. So that the name is somewhat misleading, since the main objective of mining would be to maintain the ledger in a decentralized manner. .
As you can imagine, since mining is based on a type of guessing, for each block, a different miner will guess the number and also be granted the right to upgrade the blockchain. Of course, that the miners with computing power will succeed more often, but on account of the regulation of statistical probability, its highly unlikely that the exact same miner will succeed each time. .
Now you know what Bitcoin mining is, you might be thinking, Cool! Free money! Where do I sign up Well, not so fast
Satoshi Nakamoto, who invented Bitcoin, crafted the principles for mining in a manner that the more mining power the network gets, the harder it is to guess the answer to the mining math problem. Therefore that the difficulty of the mining process is really self-adjusting to the gathered mining power the network owns. .
If more miners join, it will get more difficult to solve the problem; if many of them drop off, it will get easier. This is known as mining issue.
Now, remember, this is on average. We can have two blocks being added minute after minute and then wait an hour to the next block. In the long run, this may even out to ten minutes on average.
As you can imagine, this type of self-adjusting mechanism has made a type of arms race to acquire the most efficient and powerful miners as soon as possible.
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When Bitcoin first started out, there werent a lot of miners on the market. In fact, Satoshi, the inventor of Bitcoin, and also his friend Hal Finney were a few the only people mining Bitcoin back in the time with their own personal computers.
Using your CPU (central processing unityour computers brain and an integrated component in any computer) was enough for mining Bitcoin back in 2009, since mining issue was low. As Bitcoin began to catch on, folks looked for more powerful mining solutions.